I. Introduction
The fine-tuning argument (FTA) is an argument for an Intelligent Designer of the physical universe. The basic idea is that physicists have discovered that a number of the fundamental constants that show up in the laws of physics (e.g., the cosmological constant and the fine structure constant) are remarkably fine-tuned for the existence of biological life.[1] What such “fine-tuning” amounts to is that there is a wide range of reasonable values that these constants could take on but a comparatively narrow—very narrow, in fact—range of life-permitting values, that is, values that would make the existence of biological life possible. As it happens, it is an empirical discovery that the values these constants have in fact taken on fall within the life-permitting range. Had this not been the case, biological life would not have been possible. Given the wide range of possible, reasonable values and the narrow range of life-permitting values, it is highly improbable that the constants should have taken on life-permitting values and thus highly improbable that there would be biological life. Yet here we are.
